mixim – Page 18 – υγεία

Diabetes is not a disease; it is a reaction of the body to survive

A body does not want to die. Nobody just likes to die, to give up, and kick the bucket. Physical discomfort is another story.

Diseases, or, that what we describe as disease are always the result of ‘something’. Colds can be sustained by coldness and rain. A broken leg can be caused by a fall. If you do not eat, you feel hungry.
You get appetite due to an empty stomach. If we eat food, the feeling will disappear. Then food was the right solution. This is not a disease, but a question of too little food.

Diabetes, a word often heard today, and it is used often, as it comes in handy. Was diabetes in earlier times also a term en vogue? Even small children are confronted with this diagnose; is this normal?
Diabetes and obesity often go together.

Our bodies however have to accept anything we eat. We use, for example, unhealthy spreads on our sandwich; spreads, only ‘one molecule different from plastic’.

If you have cirrhosis

It is vitally important that patients with liver disease maintain a balanced diet, one which ensures adequate calories, carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Such a diet will aid the liver in the regeneration of liver cells. Nutrition that supports this regeneration is a means of treatment of some liver disorders.

Patients with cirrhosis, for example, who are malnourished, require a diet rich in protein and providing 2,000 – 3,000 calories per day to help the liver re-build itself. However, some cirrhotic patients have protein intolerance. Too much protein will result in an increased amount of ammonia in the blood, while too little protein can reduce healing of the liver. Doctors must carefully prescribe a specific amount of protein that will not elevate the blood ammonia. Lactulose and neomycin are two drugs that help keep the ammonia down.

It is believed that the risk of gallbladder disorders can be reduced by avoiding high fat and cholesterol foods and preventing obesity. The gallbladder is a storage sac for the bile produced by the liver. During digestion, the gallbladder releases bile into the small intestine through the common bile duct. Most gallbladder problems are caused by gallstones and 80-90% of all gallstones are produced from excessive cholesterol which crystallizes and forms stones. By maintaining a well-balanced diet and avoiding high cholesterol intake, the incidence of gallstone formation may be lowered.

If you have cirrhosis, be careful to limit additional liver damage:

Don’t drink alcohol. Whether your cirrhosis was caused by chronic alcohol use or another disease, avoid alcohol. Drinking alcohol may cause further liver damage.
Eat a low-sodium diet. Excess salt can cause your body to retain fluids, worsening swelling in your abdomen and legs. Use herbs for seasoning your food, rather than salt. Choose prepared foods that are low in sodium.
Eat a healthy diet. People with cirrhosis can experience malnutrition. Combat this with a healthy plant-based diet that includes a variety of fruits and vegetables. Choose lean protein, such as legumes, poultry or fish. Avoid raw seafood.
Avoid infections. Cirrhosis make sit more difficult for you to fight off infections. Protect yourself by avoiding people who are sick and washing your hands frequently. Get vaccinated for hepatitis A and B, influenza, and pneumonia.
Use over-the-counter medications carefully. Cirrhosis makes it more difficult for your liver to process drugs. For this reason, ask your doctor before taking any medications, including nonprescription drugs. Avoid drugs such as aspirin and ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB). If you have liver damage, your doctor may recommend you avoid acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) or take it in low doses for pain relief.

People with cirrhosis may need more extra calories and protein. They may lose their appetite and experience nausea, vomiting, and severe weight loss. This can lead to shortage of the minerals calcium and magnesium (signs include muscle cramps, fatigue, weakness, nausea, and vomiting), or a shortage of zinc (signs include reduced ability to taste, changes in taste).

It can help to eat small, frequent meals (4 to 7 times a day), including an evening snack.

When the scarring from cirrhosis prevents blood from passing through the liver, pressure increases in the veins entering the liver. This is called portal hypertension. The body is forced to reroute the blood away from the liver and into the general blood circulation. This causes large blood vessels, called “varices,” to form.

Because the rerouted blood bypasses the liver, it contains high levels of amino acids, ammonia, and toxins that normally would have been handled by the liver. When these substances reach the brain, they can cause confusion and temporary loss of memory (a condition called “hepatic encephalopathy”).

Amino acids and ammonia come from protein in the diet. Some evidence shows that patients with cirrhosis do better when they get their protein from vegetables (such as beans, lentils, and tofu) and from dairy products (eggs, milk, yogurt) instead of from meats.

General recommendations for patients with severe liver disease include:

Eat large amounts of carbohydrate foods. Carbohydrates should be the major source of calories in this diet.
Eat a moderate intake of fat, as prescribed by the health care provider. The increased carbohydrates and fat help prevent protein breakdown in the liver.
Have about 1 gram of protein per kilogram of body weight. This means that a 154-pound (70-kilogram) man should eat 70 grams of protein per day. This does not include the protein from starchy foods and vegetables. A person with a badly damaged liver may need to eat less protein. Talk to your doctor about your protein needs.
Take vitamin supplements, especially B-complex vitamins.
Reduce the amount of salt you consume (typically less than 1500 milligrams per day) if you are retaining fluid.

gastrointestinal tract

In zoology, the gut, also known as the alimentary canal or gastrointestinal tract, is a tube by which bilaterian animals (includinghumans) transfer food to the digestion organs.^[1] In large bilaterians, the gut generally also has an exit, the anus, by which the animal disposes of solid wastes. Some small bilaterians have no anus and dispose of solid wastes by other means (for example, through the mouth).^[2]

Animals that have guts are classified as either protostomes or deuterostomes, as the gut evolved twice, an example of convergent evolution. They are distinguished based on their embryonic development. Protostomes develop their mouths first, while deuterostomes develop their mouths second. Protostome include arthropods, molluscs, and annelids, while deuterostomes include echinoderms andchordates.

The gut contains thousands of different bacteria, but humans can be divided into three main groups based on those most prominent.^[3]

For more specific information on digestive organs, see specialized organs and behaviours.

gallbladder

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In vertebrates the gallbladder (cholecyst, gall bladder or biliary vesicle) is a small organ where bile is stored, before it is released into the small intestine. Humans can live without a gallbladder. The surgical removal of the gallbladder is called a cholecystectomy.

The main purpose of the gallbladder is to store bile, also called gall. The gallbladder is part of the biliary system and serves as a reservoir for bile, which is produced by the liver. The liver produces the bile and then it flows through the hepatic ducts into the gallbladder. At any one time, 30 to 60 cubic millimetres (0.0010 to 0.0020 US fl oz) of bile is stored within the gallbladder.^[13]

When food containing fat enters the digestive tract, it stimulates the secretion of cholecystokinin (CCK) from I cells of the duodenum and jejunum. In response to cholecystokinin, the gallbladder rhythmically contracts and releases its contents into thecommon bile duct, eventually draining into the duodenum. The bile, originally produced in the liver, emulsifies fats in partly digested food, thereby assisting their absorption. Bile consists primarily of water and bile salts, and also acts as a means of eliminating bilirubin, a product of hemoglobin metabolism, from the body.^[13]

The bile that is secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder is not the same as the bile that is secreted by the gallbladder. During gallbladder storage of bile, it is concentrated by removal of some water and electrolytes. This is through the active transport of sodium ions across the epithelia of the gallbladder, which creates an osmotic pressure that also causes water and other electrolytes such as chlorine to be reabsorbed.^[13]

Gallstones are the most common problem to affect the gallbladder.^[14] Gallstones generally form because the bile is saturatedwith either cholesterol or bilirubin. Only the minority of gallstones cause symptoms, and the majority of stones are passed along the biliary tree. When symptoms occur, a person may feel severe pain in the upper right part of their abdomen. If the stone blocks the gallbladder, cholecystitis may occur. If the stone lodges in the biliary tree, jaundice may occur; and if the stone blocks the pancreatic duct, then pancreatitis may occur. Gallstones are often managed by waiting for them to be naturally passed. In people with recurrent gallstones, surgery to remove the gallbladder may be considered. Some medication, such as UDCA, andultrasound to break down the stones may also be used.^[15]

Inflammation of the gallbladder is known as cholecystitis. Inflammation is most commonly because of obstruction of the duct with gallstones, known as cholelithiasis. Blocked bile accumulates, and pressure on the gallbladder wall may lead to the release of substances that cause inflammation, such as phospholipase. There is also the risk of bacterial infection. An inflamed gallbladder is likely to cause pain and fever, and tenderness in the upper, right corner of the abdomen, and may have a positive Murphy’s sign. Cholecystitis is often managed with rest and antibiotics, particularly cephalosporins and, in severe cases, metronidazole.^[15]

Cholecystitis may also occur chronically, particularly when a person is prone to getting gallstones.^[15]

the Kratky method

Published on May 4, 2014

Learn how to build and maintain a hydroponics without needing any pumps or other electric equipment. Low in maintenance, this system is ideal for beginners who want to grow fruit, vegetables, spices or herbs. This DIY video will explain everything you need to know to get started.

Click here for the original scientific paper:
http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/hawaii/do…

http://www.instructables.com/id/Kratkys-non-circulating-hydroponics/

a Grow Barrel with a worm feeding tube

Published on May 28, 2014

Vertical Gardening: Build a Grow Barrel with a worm feeding tube.
Build a strawberry barrel and grow 30 plants or even more in the space of one Vertically. Maximize your strawberry growing space or any other plants by converting a barrel into a vertical garden.